Section First: Joint and Several Obligations Among Creditors (Solidarity of Creditors)

Article 11

Article 11 - There is solidary obligation between creditors when two or more persons are creditors of the same debt and each one can demand payment of the entire debt, while the debtor may validly discharge their liability to any one of them. In this case, there is active solidarity. The solidary creditor has no power to dispose of the entire claim. He is only deemed to have the powers of other creditors to preserve and recover the portion of the claim that exceeds his share.

Article 12

Article 12 - Solidarity among creditors is not presumed. It must necessarily result from the legal act or law, or the nature of the case.

Article 13

Article 13 - Solidary obligation is extinguished as to all creditors by payment or payment in kind, consignment of the debt due, compensation, novation, operated as to one of the creditors. The debtor who pays the share of that creditor to the solidary creditor is released up to the amount of that share, vis-à-vis the others.

Article 14

Article 14 - The remission of debt, consented to by one of the joint creditors, cannot be opposed to the others; it only releases the debtor as regards that creditor's share. The confusion that occurs in the person of one of the joint creditors and the debtor extinguishes the obligation only as regards that creditor.

Article 15

Article 15 - The completed prescription against a solidary creditor cannot be opposed to the others. The fault or absence of one solidary creditor does not harm the others.

Article 16

Article 16: When one of the creditors has given notice to the debtor or caused interest to run, the result of this creditor's action benefits all other creditors.

Article 17

Article 17 - Acts that interrupt the statute of limitations as to one of the solidary creditors benefit the others, but the grounds for suspension remain personal and specific to each creditor.

Article 18

Article 18 - A transaction between one of the creditors and the debtor benefits other creditors when it includes recognition of the right or claim; it cannot be opposed to them if it includes remission of the debt or worsens their position, unless they have consented thereto.

Article 19

Article 19 - The time allowed to the debtor by one of the solidary creditors cannot be opposed to the others unless it is provided for in the constitutive act of the obligation, the law, or the nature of the case.

Article 20

Article 20 - What each solidary creditor receives, whether as payment or as a transaction, becomes common among him and the other creditors, who contribute to it in proportion to their share. If one of the creditors is given a guarantee or delegation for his part, the other creditors have the right to participate in payments made by the guarantor or the delegated debtor: all this, unless the contrary results from the act, law, or nature of the matter.

Article 21

Article 21 - Unless otherwise agreed, the amount of the claim is divided equally after payment.

Article 22

Article 22 - A solidary creditor who, after receiving payment, cannot represent it due to his own fault is liable to the other creditors up to the extent of their share.